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''Wonder Stories'' was an early American
science fiction magazine A science fiction magazine is a publication that offers primarily science fiction, either in a hard-copy periodical format or on the Internet. Science fiction magazines traditionally featured speculative fiction in short story, novelette, nov ...
which was published under several titles from
1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...
to 1955. It was founded by
Hugo Gernsback Hugo Gernsback (; born Hugo Gernsbacher, August 16, 1884 – August 19, 1967) was a Luxembourgish–American editor and magazine publisher, whose publications including the first science fiction magazine. His contributions to the genre as publ ...
in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, ''
Amazing Stories ''Amazing Stories'' is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances i ...
'', when his media company
Experimenter Publishing Experimenter Publishing was an American media company founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1915. The first magazine was ''The Electrical Experimenter'' (1913–1931) and the most notable magazines were ''Radio News'' (1919–1985) and ''Amazing Stories'' ...
went bankrupt. Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: ''Air Wonder Stories'', ''Science Wonder Stories'', and ''Science Wonder Quarterly''. ''Air Wonder Stories'' and ''Science Wonder Stories'' were merged in 1930 as ''Wonder Stories'', and the quarterly was renamed ''Wonder Stories Quarterly''. The magazines were not financially successful, and in 1936 Gernsback sold ''Wonder Stories'' to
Ned Pines Ned L. Pines (December 10, 1905 – May 14, 1990) was an American publisher of pulp magazines, comic books, and paperback books, active from at least 1928 to 1971. His Standard Comics imprint (trade name), imprint was the parent company of the com ...
at Beacon Publications, where, retitled ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'', it continued for nearly 20 years. The last issue was dated Winter 1955, and the title was then merged with ''
Startling Stories ''Startling Stories'' was an American pulp science fiction magazine, published from 1939 to 1955 by publisher Ned Pines' Standard Magazines. It was initially edited by Mort Weisinger, who was also the editor of ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'', S ...
'', another of Pines' science fiction magazines. ''Startling'' itself lasted only to the end of 1955 before finally succumbing to the decline of the
pulp magazine Pulp magazines (also referred to as "the pulps") were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the late 1950s. The term "pulp" derives from the cheap wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed. In contrast, magazine ...
industry. The editors under Gernsback's ownership were
David Lasser David Lasser (March 20, 1902 – May 5, 1996) was an American writer and political activist. Lasser is remembered as one of the most influential figures of early science fiction writing, working closely with Hugo Gernsback. He was also heavily in ...
, who worked hard to improve the quality of the fiction, and, from mid-1933,
Charles Hornig Charles Hornig (May 25, 1916 – October 11, 1999) was one of the earliest contributors to the science fiction genre. He not only created one of the first fanzines in 1933, as a teenager, he became the managing editor for ''Wonder Stories'' magaz ...
. Both Lasser and Hornig published some well-received fiction, such as
Stanley Weinbaum Stanley Grauman Weinbaum (April 4, 1902 – December 14, 1935) was an American science fiction writer. His first story, "A Martian Odyssey", was published to great acclaim in July 1934; the alien Tweel was arguably the first character to satisf ...
's "
A Martian Odyssey "A Martian Odyssey" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stanley G. Weinbaum originally published in the July 1934 issue of ''Wonder Stories''. It was Weinbaum's second published story (in 1933 he had sold a romantic novel, ''The ...
", but Hornig's efforts in particular were overshadowed by the success of ''
Astounding Stories ''Analog Science Fiction and Fact'' is an American science fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930. Originally titled ''Astounding Stories of Super-Science'', the first issue was dated January 1930, published by William Cl ...
'', which had become the leading magazine in the new field of science fiction. Under its new title, ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'' was initially unable to improve its quality. For a period in the early 1940s it was aimed at younger readers, with a juvenile editorial tone and covers that depicted beautiful women in implausibly revealing
spacesuits A space suit or spacesuit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space, vacuum and temperature extremes. Space suits are often worn inside spacecraft as a safety precaution in case of loss of cabin pressure, ...
. Later editors began to improve the fiction, and by the end of the 1940s, in the opinion of science fiction historian Mike Ashley, the magazine briefly rivaled ''Astounding''.


Publication history

By the end of the 19th century, stories centered on scientific inventions and set in the future, in the tradition of
Jules Verne Jules Gabriel Verne (;''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary''. ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the ''Voyages extraor ...
, were appearing regularly in popular fiction magazines.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 7. Magazines such as ''
Munsey's Magazine ''Munsey's Weekly'', later known as ''Munsey's Magazine'', was a 36-page quarto United States, American magazine founded by Frank Munsey, Frank A. Munsey in 1889 and edited by John Kendrick Bangs. Frank Munsey aimed to publish "a magazine of the pe ...
'' and '' The Argosy'', launched in 1889 and 1896 respectively, carried a few science fiction stories each year. Some upmarket "slicks" such as ''
McClure's ''McClure's'' or ''McClure's Magazine'' (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism (investigative journ ...
'', which paid well and were aimed at a more literary audience, also carried scientific stories, but by the early years of the 20th century, science fiction (though it was not yet called that) was appearing more often in the
pulp magazine Pulp magazines (also referred to as "the pulps") were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the late 1950s. The term "pulp" derives from the cheap wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed. In contrast, magazine ...
s than in the slicks.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 21–25.Nicholls, "Pulp Magazines", p. 979.Ashley, ''Transformations'', p. 155. The first science fiction magazine, ''
Amazing Stories ''Amazing Stories'' is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances i ...
'', was launched in 1926 by
Hugo Gernsback Hugo Gernsback (; born Hugo Gernsbacher, August 16, 1884 – August 19, 1967) was a Luxembourgish–American editor and magazine publisher, whose publications including the first science fiction magazine. His contributions to the genre as publ ...
at the height of the pulp magazine era. It helped to form science fiction as a separately marketed genre, and by the end of the 1930s a "
Golden Age of Science Fiction The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized in the United States as the period from 1938 to 1946, was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. ...
" had begun, inaugurated by the efforts of John W. Campbell, the editor of ''
Astounding Science Fiction ''Analog Science Fiction and Fact'' is an American science fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930. Originally titled ''Astounding Stories of Super-Science'', the first issue was dated January 1930, published by William C ...
''. ''Wonder Stories'' was launched in the pulp era, not long after ''Amazing Stories'', and lasted through the Golden Age and well into the 1950s.Stableford, "Amazing Stories", p. 27.Nicholls, "Golden Age of SF", p. 258. The publisher was Stellar Publishing company based in New York City.


Gernsback era

Gernsback's new magazine, ''Amazing Stories'', was successful, but Gernsback lost control of the publisher when it went bankrupt in February 1929. By April he had formed a new company, Gernsback Publications Incorporated, and created two subsidiaries: Techni-Craft Publishing Corporation and Stellar Publishing Corporation. Gernsback sent out letters advertising his plans for new magazines; the mailing lists he used almost certainly were compiled from the subscription lists of ''Amazing Stories''. This would have been illegal, as the lists were owned by Irving Trust, the receiver of the bankruptcy. Gernsback denied using the lists under oath, but historians have generally agreed that he must have done so. The letters also asked potential subscribers to decide the name of the new magazine; they voted for "Science Wonder Stories", which became the name of one of Gernsback's new magazines.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', pp. 579–581.Perry, "An Amazing Story" pp. 114–115. Gernsback's recovery from the bankruptcy judgment was remarkably quick. By early June he had launched three new magazines, two of which published science fiction.The other was ''Radio-Craft'', which was aimed at radio hobbyists and repairmen. See Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 579. The June 1929 issue of ''Science Wonder Stories'' appeared on newsstands on 5 May 1929, and was followed on 5 June by the July 1929 issue of ''Air Wonder Stories''.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', pp. 541–543. Both magazines were monthly, with Gernsback as editor-in-chief and
David Lasser David Lasser (March 20, 1902 – May 5, 1996) was an American writer and political activist. Lasser is remembered as one of the most influential figures of early science fiction writing, working closely with Hugo Gernsback. He was also heavily in ...
as editor.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 64.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 237.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 254. Lasser had no prior editing experience and knew little about science fiction, but his recently acquired degree from
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the mo ...
convinced Gernsback to hire him.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 47. Gernsback claimed that science fiction was educational. He repeatedly made this assertion in ''Amazing Stories'', and continued to do so in his editorials for the new magazines, stating, for example, that "teachers encourage the reading of this fiction because they know that it gives the pupil a fundamental knowledge of science and aviation."Gernsback, editorial in ''Air Wonder Stories'', July 1929, p. 5, quoted in Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 542. He also recruited a panel of "nationally known educators hopass upon the scientific principles of all stories". Science fiction historian
Everett Bleiler Everett Franklin Bleiler (April 30, 1920 – June 13, 2010) was an American editor, bibliographer, and scholar of science fiction, detective fiction, and fantasy literature. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, he co-edited the first "year's best" s ...
describes this as "fakery, pure and simple", asserting that there is no evidence that the men on the panel—some of whom, such as
Lee De Forest Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor and a fundamentally important early pioneer in electronics. He invented the first electronic device for controlling current flow; the three-element "Audion" triode va ...
, were well-known scientists—had any editorial influence.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 580. However,
Donald Menzel Donald Howard Menzel (April 11, 1901 – December 14, 1976) was one of the first theoretical astronomers and astrophysicists in the United States. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmos ...
, the astrophysicist on the panel, said that Gernsback sent him manuscripts and made changes to stories as a result of Menzel's commentary.Carter, ''Creation of Tomorrow'', p. 11. In 1930, Gernsback decided to merge ''Science Wonder Stories'' and ''Air Wonder Stories'' into ''Wonder Stories''. The reason for the merger is unknown, although it may have been that he needed the space in the printing schedule for his new ''Aviation Mechanics'' magazine.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 70–71. Bleiler has suggested that the merger was caused by poor sales and a consequent need to downsize. In addition, ''Air Wonder Stories'' was probably focused on too specialized a niche to succeed. In an editorial just before ''Science Wonder Stories'' changed its name, Gernsback commented that the word "Science" in the title "has tended to retard the progress of the magazine, because many people had the impression that it is a sort of scientific periodical rather than a fiction magazine".Gernsback, in ''Science Wonder'', May 1930, p. 1099; quoted in Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 71. Ironically, the inclusion of "science" in the title was the reason that science fiction writer
Isaac Asimov yi, יצחק אזימאװ , birth_date = , birth_place = Petrovichi, Russian SFSR , spouse = , relatives = , children = 2 , death_date = , death_place = Manhattan, New York City, U.S. , nationality = Russian (1920–1922)Soviet (192 ...
began reading the magazine; when he saw the August 1929 issue he obtained permission to read it from his father on the grounds that it was clearly educational.Asimov, ''Before the Golden Age I'', p. 29. Concerns about the marketability of titles seem to have surfaced in the last two issues of ''Science Wonder'', which had the word "Science" printed in a color that made it difficult to read. On the top of the cover appeared the words "Mystery-Adventure-Romance", the last of which was a surprising way to advertise a science fiction magazine. The first issue of the merged magazine appeared in June 1930, still on a monthly schedule, with Lasser as editor. The volume numbering continued that of ''Science Wonder Stories'', therefore ''Wonder Stories'' is sometimes regarded as a retitling of ''Science Wonder Stories''.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', pp. 586–589. Gernsback had also produced a companion magazine for ''Science Wonder Stories'', titled ''Science Wonder Quarterly'', the first issue of which was published in the fall of 1929. Three issues were produced under this title, but after the merger Gernsback changed the companion magazine's title to ''Wonder Stories Quarterly'', and produced a further eleven issues under that title.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', pp. 578–579.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', pp. 595–596. In July 1933, Gernsback dismissed Lasser as editor. Lasser had become active in promoting workers' rights and was spending less time on his editorial duties. According to Lasser, Gernsback told him "if you like working with the unemployed so much, I suggest you go and join them".Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 57. It is likely that cost-cutting was also a consideration, as Lasser was paid $65 per week, a substantial salary in those days.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 57. Bleiler, who cites Davin, gives Lasser's salary as $70 per week, though he does not explain the discrepancy; see Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 588.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 94, note 38. Soon after Lasser was let go, Gernsback received a
fanzine A fanzine (blend word, blend of ''fan (person), fan'' and ''magazine'' or ''-zine'') is a non-professional and non-official publication produced by fan (person), enthusiasts of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre) ...
, ''The Fantasy Fan'', from a reader,
Charles Hornig Charles Hornig (May 25, 1916 – October 11, 1999) was one of the earliest contributors to the science fiction genre. He not only created one of the first fanzines in 1933, as a teenager, he became the managing editor for ''Wonder Stories'' magaz ...
. Gernsback called Hornig to his office to interview him for the position of editor; Hornig turned out to be only 17, but Gernsback asked him to proofread a manuscript and decided that the results were satisfactory. Hornig was hired at an initial salary of $20 per week.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 78–79.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 70. That same year, Gernsback dissolved Stellar Publications and created Continental Publications as the new publisher for ''Wonder Stories''. The schedule stuttered for the first time, missing the July and September 1933 issues; the recent bankruptcy of the company's distributor,
Eastern Distributing Corporation Eastern may refer to: Transportation *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai *Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 *Eastern Air Li ...
, may have been partly responsible for this disruption.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 29.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 43. The first issue with Continental on the masthead, and the first listing Hornig as editor, was November 1933. ''Wonder Stories'' had a circulation of about 25,000 in 1934, comparable to that of ''Amazing Stories'', which had declined from an early peak of about 100,000.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 51.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 85–86. Gernsback considered issuing a reprint magazine in 1934, ''Wonder Stories Reprint Annual'', but it never appeared.Tuck, ''Encyclopedia of SF, Vol. 3'', p. 609. That year he experimented with other fiction magazines—''Pirate Stories'' and ''High Seas Adventures''—but neither was successful. ''Wonder Stories'' was also failing, and in November 1935 it started publishing bimonthly instead of monthly. Gernsback had a reputation for paying slowly and was therefore unpopular with many authors; by 1936 he was even failing to pay
Laurence Manning Laurence Manning (July 20, 1899 – April 10, 1972) was a Canadian science fiction author. Manning was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, and attended Kings College in Halifax, Nova Scotia. As did his two older brothers, Manning signed up to ...
, one of his most reliable authors.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 64. Staff were sometimes asked to delay cashing their paychecks for weeks at a time.Hornig, quoted in Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 68; Hornig does not specify whether this happened only towards the end of Gernsback's control of the magazine. Gernsback felt the blame lay with dealers who were returning magazine covers as unsold copies, and then selling the stripped copies at a reduced rate. To bypass the dealers, he made a plea in the March 1936 issue to his readers, asking them to subscribe, and proposing to distribute ''Wonder Stories'' solely by subscription. There was little response, and Gernsback decided to sell. He made a deal with Ned Pines of
Beacon Magazines Thrilling Publications, also known as Beacon Magazines (1936–37), Better Publications (1937–43) and Standard Magazines (1943–55), was a pulp magazine publisher run by Ned Pines, publishing such titles as '' Startling Stories'' a ...
and on 21 February 1936 ''Wonder Stories'' was sold.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 91.


''Thrilling Wonder Stories''

Pines' magazines included several with "Thrilling" in the title, such as ''Thrilling Detective'' and ''Thrilling Love Stories''. These were run by
Leo Margulies Leo Margulies (June 22, 1900 – December 26, 1975) was an American editor and publisher of science fiction and fantasy pulp magazines and paperback books. Biography Margulies was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, but was raised in ...
, who had hired
Mort Weisinger Mortimer Weisinger (; April 25, 1915 – May 7, 1978) was an American magazine and comic book editor best known for editing DC Comics' ''Superman'' during the mid-1950s to 1960s, in the Silver Age of comic books. He also co-created such features a ...
(among others) as the workload increased in the early 1930s. Weisinger was already an active science fiction fan, and when ''Wonder Stories'' was acquired, Margulies involved him in the editorial work. Margulies' group worked as a team, with Margulies listed as editor-in-chief on the magazines and having final say. However, since Weisinger knew science fiction well, Weisinger was quickly given more leeway, and bibliographers generally list Weisinger as the editor for this period of the magazine's history.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 100. The title was changed to ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'' to match the rest of the "Thrilling" line. The first issue appeared in August 1936—four months after the last Gernsback ''Wonder Stories'' appeared. ''Wonder Stories'' had been monthly until the last few Gernsback issues; ''Thrilling Wonder'' was launched on a bimonthly schedule. In February 1938 Weisinger asked for reader feedback regarding the idea of a companion magazine; the response was positive, and in January 1939 the first issue of ''
Startling Stories ''Startling Stories'' was an American pulp science fiction magazine, published from 1939 to 1955 by publisher Ned Pines' Standard Magazines. It was initially edited by Mort Weisinger, who was also the editor of ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'', S ...
'' appeared, alternating months with ''Thrilling Wonder''.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 136. A year later ''Thrilling Wonder'' went monthly; this lasted fewer than eighteen months, and the bimonthly schedule resumed after April 1941. Weisinger left that summer and was replaced at both ''Startling'' and ''Thrilling Wonder'' by Oscar J. Friend, a pulp writer with more experience in
Westerns The Western is a genre set in the American frontier and commonly associated with folk tales of the Western United States, particularly the Southwestern United States, as well as Northern Mexico and Western Canada. It is commonly referred ...
than science fiction, though he had published a novel, ''The Kid from Mars'', in ''Startling Stories'' just the year before.Clute & Edwards, "Oscar J. Friend", p. 454. In mid-1943 both magazines went to a quarterly schedule, and at the end of 1944 Friend was replaced in his turn by
Sam Merwin, Jr. Samuel Kimball Merwin Jr. (April 28, 1910 - January 13, 1996) was an American mystery fiction writer, editor and science fiction author. His pseudonyms included Elizabeth Deare Bennett, Matt Lee, Jacques Jean Ferrat and Carter Sprague. Biog ...
The quarterly schedule lasted until well after
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
ended: ''Thrilling Wonder'' returned to a bimonthly schedule with the December 1946 issue and again alternated with ''Startling'' which went bimonthly in January 1947.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 250. Merwin left in 1951 in order to become a freelance editor,Edwards, "Sam Merwin Jr.", p. 801. and was replaced by Samuel Mines, who had worked for Ned Pines since 1942.Edwards, "Samuel Mines", p. 811. The Thrilling Wonder logo, a winged man against the background of a glass mountain was taken from the
Noel Loomis Noel Loomis (April 3, 1905 – September 7, 1969) was a writer, principally of western, mystery and science-fiction, in the middle of the 20th century. Born and raised in the American West, he was sufficiently familiar with that territory to wr ...
story, "The Glass Mountain." By the summer of 1949
Street & Smith Street & Smith or Street & Smith Publications, Inc. was a New York City publisher specializing in inexpensive paperbacks and magazines referred to as dime novels and pulp fiction. They also published comic books and sporting yearbooks. Among t ...
, one of the largest pulp publishers, had shut down every one of their pulps. This format was dying out, though it took several more years before the pulps completely disappeared from the newsstands.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 220–221. Both ''Thrilling Wonder'' and ''Startling'' went quarterly in 1954, and at the end of that year Mines left. The magazines did not survive him for long; only two more issues of ''Thrilling Wonder'' appeared, both edited by Alexander Samalman. After the beginning of 1955, ''Thrilling Wonder'' was merged with ''Startling'', which itself ceased publication at the end of 1955.Ashley, ''Transformations'', p. 345. After the demise of ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'' the old ''Wonder Stories'' title was revived for two issues, published in 1957 and 1963. These were both edited by Jim Hendryx Jr. They were numbered vol. 45, no. 1 and 2, continuing the volume numbering of ''Thrilling Wonder''. Both were selections from past issues of ''Thrilling Wonder''; the second one convinced Ned Pines, the publisher who had bought ''Wonder Stories'' from Gernsback in 1936 and who still owned the rights to the stories, to start a reprint magazine called ''Treasury of Great Science Fiction Stories'' in 1964; a companion, ''Treasury of Great Western Stories'', was added the next year.Nicholls & Stableford, "Wonder Stories", p. 1346.Ashley, ''Transformations'', p. 221. In 2007, Winston Engle published a new magazine in book format, titled ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'', with a cover date of Summer 2007.Engle, ''Thrilling Wonder Stories Summer 2007'' Engle commented that it was "not a pastiche or nostalgia exercise as much as modern SF with the entertainment, inspirational value, and excitement of the golden age". A second volume appeared in 2009.Engle, ''Thrilling Wonder Stories Volume 2''


''IF —!'': a picture feature

Six months after the debut of ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'', its June 1937 issue contained a picture feature by Jack Binder entitled ''IF —!''. Binder's earlier training as a fine artist helped him create detailed renderings of space ships, lost cities, future cities, landscapes, indigenous peoples, and even ancient Atlantins. ''IF —!s pen and ink drawings are hand-lettered and rendered in black and white. These one-to-two page studies presented readers with possible outcomes to early 20th-century scientific quandaries. These included: * ''IF Another Ice Age Grips the Earth!'' (June 1937) – Binder's first picture feature is tucked in between "The Chessboard of Mars" by Eando Binder and J. Harvey Haggard's "Renegade: The Ways of the Ether are Strange When a Spaceman Seeks to Betray." ''Ice Age'' offered renderings of glaciated cities, infra-red ray guns, and a floating city alongside underground habitations—"the safest and most practicable retreat!" for chilly humans. It ends with the announcement: "Next Issue: If Atomic Power were Harnessed!" * ''IF the Oceans Dried!'' (April 1938) – Sailing vessels are museum pieces enshrined in huge bubble cases since the ocean floor is now home to meandering train tracks. All manner of minerals are mined to the benefit of mankind and the lost city of
Atlantis Atlantis ( grc, Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, , island of Atlas (mythology), Atlas) is a fictional island mentioned in an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato's works ''Timaeus (dialogue), Timaeus'' and ''Critias (dialogue), Critias'' ...
(if real) is exposed. All ocean life becomes extinct and the earth's climate undergoes dramatic, yet positive, change. * ''IF Science Reached the Earth's Core'' (Oct. 1938) –
Neutronium Neutronium (sometimes shortened to neutrium, also referred to as neutrite) is a hypothetical substance composed purely of neutrons. The word was coined by scientist Andreas von Antropoff in 1926 (before the 1932 discovery of the neutron) for the h ...
allows humans to penetrate to the earth's core, which is not molten, but a gravity-free haven where "vacationers enjoy the thrill of being weightless." ''IF —!'' is credited with the first use of the phrase "zero-gravity," a science fiction mainstay, where "Space Travel is solved. Starting at the zero-gravity of Earth's core, accumulative acceleration is easily built up in a four-thousand-mile tube. The ship's reach Earth's surface where gravitation !, is strongest with an appreciable velocity that makes the take-off a simple process of continuation!" * ''IF Earth's Axis Shifted'' (April 1940) – An astronomical telescope points towards the night sky revealing that the planets have aligned and caused the earth's axis to shift. Tidal waves sweep cities away. North America in now a tropic zone, while Siberia is balmy and Antarctica swarms with immigrants wanting to harvest the now accessible coal and metal. "Next Issue: IF the World were Ruled by Intelligent Robots!"


Contents and reception

When ''Air Wonder Stories'' was launched in the middle of 1929 there were already pulp magazines such as ''Sky Birds'' and ''Flying Aces'' which focused on aerial adventures. Gernsback's first editorial dismissed these as being of the "purely 'Wild West'-world war adventure-sky busting type".Editorial in ''Air Wonder Stories'', July 1929; quoted in Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 541. By contrast, Gernsback said he planned to fill ''Air Wonder'' solely with "flying stories of the future, strictly along scientific-mechanical-technical lines, full of adventure, exploration and achievement." Non-fiction material on aviation was printed, including quizzes, short popular articles, and book reviews. The letters column made it clear that the readership comprised more science fiction fans than aviation fans, and Gernsback later commented that the overlap with ''Science Wonder'' readers was 90% (a figure that presumably referred only to the subscription base, not to newsstand sales). Gernsback frequently ran reader contests,Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 52. one of which, announced in the February 1930 issue of ''Air Wonder Stories'', asked for a slogan for the magazine.
John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (; 10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works published under the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names ...
, later to become famous as the author of ''
The Day of the Triffids ''The Day of the Triffids'' is a 1951 post-apocalyptic novel by the English science fiction author John Wyndham. After most people in the world are blinded by an apparent meteor shower, an aggressive species of plant starts killing people. Al ...
'', won with "Future Flying Fiction", submitted under his real name of John Beynon Harris. Later that year a contest in ''Science Wonder Quarterly'' asked readers for an answer to the question "What I Have Done to Spread Science Fiction". The winner was
Raymond Palmer Raymond Arthur Palmer (August 1, 1910 – August 15, 1977) was an American author and editor, best known as editor of ''Amazing Stories'' from 1938 through 1949, when he left publisher Ziff-Davis to publish and edit '' Fate Magazine'', and ev ...
who later became editor of Gernsback's original magazine, ''Amazing Stories''. He won the contest for his role in founding a "Science Correspondence Club".Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 39. ''Science Wonders first issue included the first part of a serial, ''The Reign of the Ray'', by
Fletcher Pratt Murray Fletcher Pratt (25 April 1897 – 10 June 1956) was an American writer of history, science fiction, and fantasy. He is best known for his works on naval history and the American Civil War and for fiction written with L. Sprague de Camp. ...
and Irwin Lester, and short stories by Stanton Coblentz and
David H. Keller David Henry Keller (December 23, 1880 – July 13, 1966) was an American writer who worked for pulp magazines in the mid-twentieth century, in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. He was also a psychiatrist and physician to shell- ...
. ''Air Wonder'' began with a reprinted serial, Victor MacClure's ''Ark of the Covenant''. Writers who first appeared in the pages of these magazines include
Neil R. Jones Neil Ronald Jones (May 29, 1909 – February 15, 1988) was an American writer who worked for the state of New York. Not prolific, and little remembered today, Jones was ground-breaking in science fiction. His first story, "The Death's Head Meteo ...
,
Ed Earl Repp Ed Earl Repp (1901–1979) was an American writer, screenwriter and novelist. His stories appeared in several of the early pulp magazines including ''Air Wonder Stories'', '' Science Wonder Stories'' and ''Amazing Stories''. After World War II ...
,
Raymond Z. Gallun Raymond Zinke Gallun (March 22, 1911 – April 2, 1994) was an American science fiction writer. Early life Gallun (rhymes with "balloon") was born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, the son of Adolph and Martha Zinke Gallun. He graduated from high scho ...
and
Lloyd Eshbach Lloyd Arthur Eshbach (June 20, 1910 – October 29, 2003) was an American science fiction fan, publisher and writer, secular and religious publisher, and minister. Biography Born in Palm, Pennsylvania, Eshbach grew up in Reading in the sa ...
.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 65–67. The quality of published science fiction at the time was generally low, and Lasser was keen to improve it. On 11 May 1931 he wrote to his regular contributors to tell them that their science fiction stories "should deal ''realistically'' with the effect upon people, individually and in groups, of a scientific invention or discovery. ... In other words, allow yourself one fundamental assumption—that a certain machine or discovery is possible—and then show what would be its logical and dramatic consequences upon the world; also what would be the effect upon the group of characters that you pick to carry your theme."Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 71–73. The quote, from a letter by Lasser dated 11 May 1931, is given by Ashley on p. 73.


After the merger

Lasser provided ideas to his authors and commented on their drafts, attempting to improve both the level of
scientific literacy Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations, and theories. Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding o ...
and the quality of the writing.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 41. Some of his correspondence has survived, including an exchange with
Jack Williamson John Stewart Williamson (April 29, 1908 – November 10, 2006), who wrote as Jack Williamson, was an American list of science fiction authors, science fiction writer, often called the "Dean of Science Fiction". He is also credited with one of t ...
, whom Lasser commissioned in early 1932 to write a story based on a plot provided by a reader—the winning entry in one of the magazine's competitions. Lasser emphasized to Williamson the importance of scientific plausibility, citing as an example a moment in the story where the earthmen have to decipher a written Martian language: "You must be sure and make it convincing how they did it; for they have absolutely no method of approach to a written language of another world."Davin, ''Pioneers'', pp. 41–43. On one occasion Lasser's work with his authors extended to collaboration: "The Time Projector", a story which appeared in the July 1931 issue of ''Wonder Stories'', was credited to
David H. Keller David Henry Keller (December 23, 1880 – July 13, 1966) was an American writer who worked for pulp magazines in the mid-twentieth century, in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. He was also a psychiatrist and physician to shell- ...
and David Lasser. Both Lasser and, later, Hornig, were given almost complete editorial freedom by Gernsback, who reserved only the right to give final approval to the contents. This was in contrast to the more detailed control Gernsback had exerted over the content of ''Amazing Stories'' in the first years of its existence. Science fiction historian Sam Moskowitz has suggested that the reason was the poor financial state of ''Wonder Stories''—Gernsback perhaps avoided corresponding with authors as he owed many of them money.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 48.Davin, ''Pioneers'', pp. 63–64. Lasser allowed the letter column to become a free discussion of ideas and values, and published stories dealing with topics such as the relationship between the sexes. One such story, Thomas S. Gardner's "The Last Woman", portrayed a future in which men, having evolved beyond the need for love, keep the last woman in a museum. In "The Venus Adventurer", an early story by
John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (; 10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works published under the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names ...
, a spaceman corrupts the innocent natives of Venus. Lasser avoided printing
space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare, with use of melodramatic, risk-taking space adventures, relationships, and chivalric romance. Set mainly or entirely in outer space, it features technological and soci ...
, and several stories from ''Wonder'' in the early 1930s were more realistic than most contemporary space fiction. Examples include
Edmond Hamilton Edmond Moore Hamilton (October 21, 1904 – February 1, 1977) was an American writer of science fiction during the mid-twentieth century. Early life Born in Youngstown, Ohio, he was raised there and in nearby New Castle, Pennsylvania. So ...
's "A Conquest of Two Worlds",
P. Schuyler Miller Peter Schuyler Miller (February 21, 1912 – October 13, 1974) was an American science fiction writer and critic. Life Miller was raised in New York's Mohawk Valley, which led to a lifelong interest in the Iroquois Indians. He pursued this as ...
's "The Forgotten Man of Space", and several stories by
Frank K. Kelly Frank or Franks may refer to: People * Frank (given name) * Frank (surname) * Franks (surname) * Franks, a medieval Germanic people * Frank, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades - see Farang Curre ...
, including "The Moon Tragedy".Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 73–75. Lasser was one of the founders of the
American Rocket Society The American Rocket Society (ARS) began its existence on , under the name of the American Interplanetary Society. It was founded by science fiction writers G. Edward Pendray, David Lasser, Laurence Manning, Nathan Schachner, and others. Pendray ...
which, under its initial name of the "Interplanetary Society", announced its existence in the pages of the June 1930 ''Wonder Stories''.Davin, ''Pioneers'', pp. 32–33. Several of ''Wonder'''s writers were also members of the Interplanetary Society, and perhaps as a consequence of the relationship ''Wonder Stories Quarterly'' began to focus increasingly on fiction with interplanetary settings. A survey of the last eight issues of ''Wonder Stories Quarterly'' by Bleiler found almost two-thirds of the stories were interplanetary adventures, while only a third of the stories in the corresponding issues of ''Wonder Stories'' could be so described. ''Wonder Stories Quarterly'' added a banner reading "Interplanetary Number" to the cover of the Winter 1931 issue, and retained it, as "Interplanetary Stories", for subsequent issues. Lasser and Gernsback were also briefly involved with the fledgling
Technocracy movement The technocracy movement was a social movement active in the United States and Canada in the 1930s which favored technocracy as a system of government over representative democracy and concomitant partisan politics. Historians associate the move ...
. Gernsback published two issues of ''Technocracy Review'', which Lasser edited, commissioning stories based on technocratic ideas from
Nat Schachner Nathaniel Schachner ((January 16, 1895 – October 2, 1955), who published under the names Nat Schachner and Nathan Schachner, was an American writer, historian, and attorney, as well as an early advocate of the development of rockets for space ...
. These appeared in ''Wonder Stories'' during 1933, culminating in a novel, ''The Revolt of the Scientists''.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 37. Reviews of fiction and popular science books were published, and there was a science column which endeavored to answer readers' questions. These features were at first of good quality, but deteriorated after Lasser's departure, although it is not certain that Lasser wrote the content of either one. An influential non-fiction initiative was the creation of the Science Fiction League, an organization that brought together local science fiction fan clubs across the country. Gernsback took the opportunity to sell items such as buttons and insignia, and it was undoubtedly a profitable enterprise for him as well as a good source of publicity. It was ultimately more important in becoming one of the foundations of
science fiction fandom Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although ...
.Peter Roberts, "Science Fiction League", p. 1066.


Hornig

When Hornig took over from Lasser at the end of 1933 he attempted to continue and expand Lasser's approach. Hornig introduced a "New Policy" in the January 1934 issue, emphasizing originality and barring stories that merely reworked well-worn ideas.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 87–88. He asked for stories that included good science, although "not enough to become boring to those readers who are not primarily interested in the technicalities of the science". However, ''Astounding'' was moving into the lead position in the science fiction magazine field at this time, and Hornig had difficulty in competing. His rates of payment were lower than ''Astoundings one cent per word; sometimes his writers were paid very late, or not at all. Despite these handicaps, Hornig managed to find some good material, including Stanley G. Weinbaum's "
A Martian Odyssey "A Martian Odyssey" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stanley G. Weinbaum originally published in the July 1934 issue of ''Wonder Stories''. It was Weinbaum's second published story (in 1933 he had sold a romantic novel, ''The ...
", which appeared in the July 1934 ''Wonder'' and has been frequently reprinted. In the December 1934 – January 1935 issue of Hornig's
fanzine A fanzine (blend word, blend of ''fan (person), fan'' and ''magazine'' or ''-zine'') is a non-professional and non-official publication produced by fan (person), enthusiasts of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre) ...
, ''Fantasy Magazine'', he took the unusual step of listing several stories that he had rejected as lacking novelty, but which had subsequently appeared in print in other magazines. The list includes several by successful writers of the day, such as
Raymond Z. Gallun Raymond Zinke Gallun (March 22, 1911 – April 2, 1994) was an American science fiction writer. Early life Gallun (rhymes with "balloon") was born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, the son of Adolph and Martha Zinke Gallun. He graduated from high scho ...
and
Miles Breuer The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a imperial unit, British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of Unit of length, ...
. The most prominent story named is ''
Triplanetary ''Triplanetary'' is a science fiction board wargame originally published by Game Designers' Workshop in 1973. The game is a simulation of space ship travel and combat within the Solar System in the early 21st Century. History First edition '' ...
'' by
E. E. Smith Edward Elmer Smith (May 2, 1890 – August 31, 1965), publishing as E. E. Smith, Ph.D. and later as E. E. "Doc" Smith, was an American food engineer (specializing in doughnut and pastry mixes) and science-fiction author, best known for the '' ...
, which appeared in ''Amazing''. Both Lasser and Hornig printed fiction translated from French and German writers, including Otfrid von Hanstein and Otto Willi Gail. With the rise of
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
in Germany in the 1930s a few readers (including
Donald Wollheim Donald Allen Wollheim (October 1, 1914 – November 2, 1990) was an American science fiction editor, publisher, writer, and fan. As an author, he published under his own name as well as under pseudonyms, including David Grinnell, Martin Pear ...
) wrote letters complaining about the inclusion of German stories. The editorial response was a strong defense of the translations; Gernsback argued that events in Germany were irrelevant to the business of selecting fiction.Carter, ''Creation of Tomorrow'', p. 119. The covers for almost every issue of ''Air Wonder'', ''Science Wonder'', ''Wonder Stories'' and ''Wonder Stories Quarterly'' were painted by Frank R. Paul, who had followed Gernsback from ''Amazing Stories''. The only exception was a cover image composed of colored dots, which appeared on the November 1932 issue.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', p. 276.


Weisinger and Friend

When the magazine moved to Beacon Publications, as ''Thrilling Wonder'', the fiction began to focus more on action than on ideas. The covers, often by
Earle K. Bergey Earle K. Bergey (August 26, 1901 – September 30, 1952) was an American artist and illustrator who painted cover art for thousands of pulp fiction magazines and paperback books. One of the most prolific pulp fiction artists of the 20th century ...
, typically depicted bizarre aliens and
damsels in distress The damsel in distress is a recurring narrative device in which one or more men must rescue a woman who has either been kidnapped or placed in general peril. Kinship, love, or lust (or a combination of those) gives the male protagonist the motiv ...
. In 1939, a reader, Martin Alger, coined the phrase "bug-eyed monster" to describe one such cover; the phrase subsequently entered the dictionary as a word for an alien. Several well-known writers contributed, including
Ray Cummings Ray Cummings (born Raymond King Cummings) (August 30, 1887 – January 23, 1957) was an American author of science fiction literature and comic books. Early life Cummings was born in New York City in 1887. He worked with Thomas Edison as a ...
, and
John W. Campbell John Wood Campbell Jr. (June 8, 1910 – July 11, 1971) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He was editor of ''Astounding Science Fiction'' (later called ''Analog Science Fiction and Fact'') from late 1937 until his death ...
, whose "Brain-Stealers of Mars" series began in ''Thrilling Wonder'' in the December 1936 issue. A comic-strip began in August 1936, the first issue of the Beacon Publications version. It was illustrated and possibly written by Max Plaisted. The strip, titled ''Zarnak'', was not a success, and was cancelled after eight issues.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 100–102. Weisinger's successor, Friend, gave the magazine a significantly more juvenile feel. He used the alias "Sergeant Saturn" and was generally condescending to the readers; this may not have been his fault as Margulies, who was still the editorial director, probably wanted him to attract a younger readership. Under Friend's direction, Earle K. Bergey transformed the look of ''Thrilling Wonder Stories'' by foregrounding human figures in space, focusing on the anatomy of women in implausibly revealing spacesuits and his trademark "brass brassières".Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 187–188.


Merwin and Mines

Merwin, who took over with the Winter 1945 issue, adopted a more mature approach than Friend's. He obtained fiction from writers who had previously been publishing mainly in John Campbell's ''Astounding''. The Summer 1945 issue of ''Thrilling Wonder'' included
Jack Vance John Holbrook Vance (August 28, 1916 – May 26, 2013) was an American mystery, fantasy, and science fiction writer. Though most of his work has been published under the name Jack Vance, he also wrote several mystery novels under pen names. ...
's first published story, "The World Thinker". Merwin also published several stories by
Ray Bradbury Ray Douglas Bradbury (; August 22, 1920June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. One of the most celebrated 20th-century American writers, he worked in a variety of modes, including fantasy, science fiction, horror, mystery, and r ...
, some of which were later included in Bradbury's collection ''
The Martian Chronicles ''The Martian Chronicles'' is a science fiction fix-up novel, published in 1950, by American writer Ray Bradbury that chronicles the exploration and settlement of Mars, the home of indigenous Martians, by Americans leaving a troubled Earth that ...
''. Other well-known writers that Merwin was able to attract included
Theodore Sturgeon Theodore Sturgeon (; born Edward Hamilton Waldo, February 26, 1918 – May 8, 1985) was an American fiction author of primarily fantasy, science fiction and horror, as well as a critic. He wrote approximately 400 reviews and more than 120 sh ...
,
A. E. van Vogt Alfred Elton van Vogt ( ; April 26, 1912 – January 26, 2000) was a Canadian-born American science fiction author. His fragmented, bizarre narrative style influenced later science fiction writers, notably Philip K. Dick. He was one of the ...
, and
Robert A. Heinlein Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accu ...
. ''Thrilling Wonder'' often published intelligent, thoughtful stories, some of which Campbell would have been unlikely to accept at ''Astounding'': he did not like to publish stories that showed the negative consequences of scientific advances such as nuclear power. In the opinion of science fiction historian Mike Ashley, during the late 1940s ''Thrilling Wonder'' became a serious rival to ''Astoundings long domination of the field.Ashley, ''Time Machines'', pp. 188–190. However, this is not a universal opinion, as the magazine is elsewhere described during Merwin's tenure as "evidently secondary to ''Startling''".Malcolm Edwards, "Thrilling Wonder Stories", pp. 1222–1223. Samuel Mines took over from Merwin at the end of 1951, both at ''Startling Stories'' and ''Thrilling Wonder''.Ashley, ''Transformations'', p. 343. He argued against restrictions in
science fiction themes The following is a list of articles about recurring themes in science fiction. Overarching themes * First contact with aliens *Artificial intelligence **Machine rule/Cybernetic revolt/AI takeover *Extraterrestrials in fiction *End of humanity ...
, and in 1952 published
Philip José Farmer Philip José Farmer (January 26, 1918 – February 25, 2009) was an American author known for his science fiction and fantasy novels and short stories. Obituary. Farmer is best known for his sequences of novels, especially the ''World of Tiers ...
's "The Lovers", a ground-breaking story about inter-species sex, in ''Startling''. He followed this in 1953 with another taboo-breaking story from Farmer, "Mother", in ''Thrilling Wonder'', in which a spaceman makes his home in an alien womb.Ashley, ''Transformations'', pp. 13–16.Peter Nicholls, "Sex", p. 539. In the December 1952 ''Thrilling Wonder'', Mines published Edmond Hamilton's "What's It Like Out There?", a downbeat story about the realities of space exploration that had been considered too bleak for publication when it had originally been written in the 1930s. Sherwood Springer's "No Land of Nod", in the same issue, dealt with incest between a father and his daughter in a world in which they are the only two survivors. These stories were all well received by the readership.


Influence on the field

For a few years, Lasser was the dominant force in American science fiction.Davin, ''Pioneers'', p. 40. Under him, ''Wonder Stories'' was the best of the science fiction magazines of the early 1930s,Clute, ''Illustrated Encyclopedia'', p. 100. and the most successful of all Gernsback's forays into the field. Lasser shaped a new generation of writers, who in many cases had no prior writing experience of any kind; ''Wonder Stories'' was part of a "forcing ground", according to Isaac Asimov, where young writers learned their trade. The magazine was less constrained by pulp convention than its competitors, and published some novels such as
Eric Temple Bell Eric Temple Bell (7 February 1883 – 21 December 1960) was a Scottish-born mathematician and science fiction writer who lived in the United States for most of his life. He published non-fiction using his given name and fiction as John Tai ...
's ''The Time Stream'' and Festus Pragnell's ''The Green Man of Graypec'', which were not in the mainstream of development of the science fiction genre. As ''Thrilling Wonder'' the magazine was much less influential. Until the mid-1940s it was focused on younger readers, and by the time Merwin and Mines introduced a more adult approach, ''
Astounding Science Fiction ''Analog Science Fiction and Fact'' is an American science fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930. Originally titled ''Astounding Stories of Super-Science'', the first issue was dated January 1930, published by William C ...
'' had taken over as the unquestioned leader of the field. ''Thrilling Wonder'' could not compete with John Campbell and the
Golden Age of science fiction The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized in the United States as the period from 1938 to 1946, was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide public attention and many classic science fiction stories were published. ...
that he brought into being, but it did periodically publish good stories. In the end it was unable to escape its roots in the pulp industry, and died in the carnage that swept away every remaining pulp magazine in the 1950s.


Publication details

The editorial duties at ''Wonder Stories'' and its related magazines were not always performed by the person who bore the title of "editor" in the magazine's masthead. From the beginning until the sale to Beacon Publications, Gernsback was listed as editor-in-chief; Lasser was variously listed as "literary editor" and "managing editor", while Hornig was always listed as "managing editor".Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 543.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 581.Bleiler, ''Gernsback Years'', p. 589. Similarly, under Beacon Publications, the nominal editor (initially Leo Margulies) was not always the one to work on the magazine. The following list shows who actually performed the editorial duties. More details are given in the publishing history section, above, which focuses on when the editors involved actually obtained control of the magazine contents, instead of when their names appeared on the masthead. :''Air Wonder Stories'' :* David Lasser (July 1929 – May 1930) :''Science Wonder Stories'' :* David Lasser (June 1929 – May 1930) :''Science Wonder Quarterly'' :* David Lasser (Fall 1929 – Spring 1930) :''Wonder Stories'' :* David Lasser (June 1930 – October 1933) :* Charles Hornig (November 1933 – March–April 1936) :''Wonder Stories Quarterly'' :* David Lasser (Summer 1930 – Winter 1933) :''Thrilling Wonder Stories'' :* Mort Weisinger (August 1936 – April 1941) :* Oscar Friend (August 1941 – Fall 1944) :* Sam Merwin (Winter 1945 – October 1951) :* Samuel Mines (December 1951 – Summer 1954) :* Alexander Samalman (Fall 1954 – Winter 1955) The publisher only changed once through the lifetime of the magazine, when Gernsback sold ''Wonder Stories'' in 1936. However, Gernsback changed the name of his company from Stellar Publishing Corporation to Continental Publications, Incorporated, with effect from December 1933. ''Thrilling Wonder'''s publisher went by three names: Beacon Publications initially, then Better Publications from the August 1937 issue, and finally, starting with the Fall 1943 issue, Standard Magazines.Tuck, ''Encyclopedia of SF, Vol. 3'', p. 599. Gernsback experimented with the price and format, looking for a profitable combination. Both ''Air Wonder'' and ''Science Wonder'' were bedsheet-sized (8.5 × 11.75 in, or 216 × 298 mm) and priced at 25 cents, as were the first issues of ''Wonder Stories''. With the November 1930 issue ''Wonder Stories'' changed to pulp format, 6.75 × 9.9 in (171 × 251 mm). It reverted to bedsheet after a year, and then in November 1933 became a pulp magazine for good. The pulp issues all had 144 pages; the bedsheet issues generally had 96 pages, though five issues from November 1932 to March 1933 had only 64 pages. Those five issues coincided with a price cut to 15 cents, which was reversed with the April 1933 issue. Gernsback cut the price to 15 cents again from June 1935 until the sale to Beacon Publications in 1936, though this time he did not reduce the page count. The short duration of these price cuts suggests Gernsback rapidly realized that the additional circulation they gained him cost too much in lost revenue. Under Beacon Publications ''Thrilling Wonder'' remained pulp-sized throughout. There were two British reprint editions of ''Thrilling Wonder''. The earlier edition, from Atlas Publishing, produced three numbered issues from 1949 to 1950, and a further seven from 1952 to 1953. Another four issues appeared from Pemberton between 1953 and 1954; these were numbered from 101 to 104. There were Canadian editions in 1945–1946 and 1948–1951.


References


Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Perry, Tom "An Amazing Story: Experiment in Bankruptcy" in ''Amazing Science Fiction'' vol. 51, no 3 (May 1978) * * *


External links


Website for relaunched ''Thrilling Wonder Stories''Archived Wonder Stories
on the
Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...
{{featured article Pulp magazines Magazines established in 1929 Magazines disestablished in 1955 Defunct science fiction magazines published in the United States Science fiction magazines established in the 1920s Hugo Gernsback 1929 establishments in New York (state) 1955 disestablishments in New York (state) Magazines published in New York City